Badami is a historical place. It is a tourist destination that boasts of a by-gone civilization rich and grand. Just as much as there is grandeur in the historical heritage, there is a stark contrast to the life down the hills of the rock cut temples.
It is a place with sharp contrast.
The 2009 floods have hardly been a leveller as death is always eulogised to be. Here the floods that brought down houses, uprooted lives, displaces villages has just about levelled the land to create a deep chasm.
It is over a month now, since nature showed its prowess over a poor agrarian area of the Bagalkot district of North Karnataka. I travelled down to Badmai on October 23-25th 2009 to help with the relief and development activities.
BADAMI
This is one of the worst hit places and even though there may not be visible sights of the floods, one needs to move inward into areas like Maneri , Khyad, Ingalagudi, Kittali, Sulla, Hebbali, Mumaraddikop, Jakanur villages. These are villages that are dotted around the Malaprapha river. When the river overflowed, it broke the banks, and flooded the stretch of inhabited land. People who lived around the river banks.
This massive destruction could have been averted – as these places see periodic outbursts of the river – and nothing was done. Yet another year of massive destruction – where if the government does not take the “re-location”, ”movement” of the villages does not take place before the next monsoon, in all likelihood, history will repeat itself.
People who were affected with a similar catastrophe in 2007 are living a life in a limbo. They continue to live in make shift, tined, temporary shelter. There is no way the civic authorities are going to listen to the demands of these men and women who are waiting for compensation and alternative houses.
The 2009 victims have every chance of living a life like the 2007 victims of floods.
The problems that the villages encounter are multi-fold. Though the village visits that were conducted, extensive amount of time was spent speaking to the victims and these were the areas that need to be addressed immediately:
• Immediate relief and rehabilitation
• Providing basic amenities to people living in temporary places like government schools
• Providing “temporary” shelter that can be “lived in”
• Providing land in areas that the government will allocate
• Providing alternative employment to people
• Restrict the movement of landless labourers to places like Mangalore
• Search for methods to introduce the NREGS programs
• Provide sanitation facilities – which is non-existent in these areas
• Bring relief to farmers and the landless people who are in financial debt
• Ensure the education system is functioning in these areas ( as now the government schools have been places of temporary shelter and storehouses of relief material)
• Ensure that the relief materials that are horded by a few people in the village is release to the needy
• Look at the needs of the women, children, widows and the old
• Provide education and alternative employment methods to the youth
• Loss of life-stock and crops – need ways to revive and compensate for the loss
• Co-ordinate with civic authorities to ensure the rehabilitation is done in a smooth and systematic manner, where every individuals needs are met
• Provide assistance to the 2007 victims to get their permanent houses allocated
• In the interim provide the basic necessities of health and sanitation
Statistics that Speak for Itself in Badami
• 9679 houses in Badami have completely collapsed
• 429.08 lacks has been allocated
• 15580 houses have been partially destroyed
• 19 villages have been completely shifted
• 20 villages in the Maneri Village need partial shifting
• 2121 temporary housing is being looked at RADR
• Total number of deaths in Bagaloke district is 36
• Total number of deaths in Badami alone: 06.
• Compensation has not been given to all. It is varied in different villages and can sometimes be perceived as being discriminatory
• In Maneri Village compensation is distributed to a total of 25 houses where 37, 000 is given for only 10 houses that have suffered extensive damage, and 7000 for 15 houses that has partial damage. It must be noted that the definition of “partial damage” can be disputed.
Observations and Action Items
The cultural, political, social, and economic undercurrents make the region complex and the rehabilitation effort is surly going to be slow, and often meted with sever hurdles. This is, to say the least, going to be time consuming and the progress will be slow. But, nonetheless, the change has to come from within than without. Local NGOs need to work closely with the community and integrate each of the development work such that it is inclusive of all people, devoid the distinction of caste and creed.
The constructive methods of bringing change is hard and slow, but can be achieved though systematic effort. Each of the observations are also action items that needs to be chunked into activities that need to be implemented to bring about a systematic change.
Some of the observations that can prove to be bottlenecks in expediting relief and create an equal order are:
• Caste hierarchies – Caste hierarchies play a crucial part in the fragment of the region. The daliths are the lowest and often the most deprived of the people. They suffer perennial difficulties not just through sever discrimination, but even aid trickles in slow.
• The distinction because of caste means that there is a distinction between the rich and the poor – often the rich are the upper caste. The tragedy has not been a “leveller” if one can call “death and destruction” a leveller. This has just expanded the divide furthermore.
• The allocation of land and the building of tinned temporary shelters are automatically going to be allocated by the cast hierarchy – often the lower caste getting the last of the facilities
• Women and children continue to be the marginalised. Dalith women are the “marginalized of the marginalized”.
• The daliths have no land to call their own. They work for everyday wages and some are bonded labourers in the hands of the rich farmers
• The men toil in the fields of the farmers for a wage amount of 40 rupees per day, and the women are paid only Rs 20.
• Most of the people therefore prefer to migrate to places like Mangalore where atleast the everyday labour amount is fixed to 200 and above.
• The people are in severe debt.
• The quality of education is poor, and one can see very few children who have finished 10th standard. Most of them would not have even stepped into a school.
• Heath and sanitation is poor and this is the carriers of disease and can have drastic impact in the health of the region. There is much to be done in this region. A systematic awareness program needs to be done, involving the health departments and other government bodies to change the mindset of people.
• Child marriages are prevalent. This needs a systematic understanding of the socio-economic –cultural understanding and steady effort needs to be done to curtail it.
• Alternative employment methods need to be defined to help the landless labourers with alternative employment.
• The youth (both boys and girls) need counselling and training in order that they are hopeful of a better life ahead. The dreams that the children have is bleak. Most just dream of following their father’s footstep. Some who want to differ, dream of becoming a driver.
• Women’s health needs attention.
• Civic and government authorities sometimes how apathy and political ill-will of helping the needy.
• People need to be mobilised to fight for their rights.
• People need to be trained on the different methods they can work to get the government to deliver on the tall promises it made.
• The 2007 flood victims need attention – even though they are a forgotten lot – their needs are as important as anyone else.
Caste Discrimination and Hostility
• The incidents of discrimination and hostility towards reaching out to the poorest members of the community continues. On Thursday (22 Oct 2009) when distribution was happening in Badami taluk, a youth from the community (Mallesh) had helped Swarna and the team members in identifying the poorest and most vulnerable households. The 'village elders' took offence to this, and fined Mallesh Rs.500 and asked him to apologise publicly before the community members. He has now made up his mind to leave the village along with his wife and father and migrate to another place (Mangalore) where they will work as construction workers. We offered to find him another job or an opportunity to work with us. But he had made up his mind on moving. He wanted to earn enough to educate his sisters.
• As always, here too it is being increasingly seen that the dalits and the most vulnerable households are the last (if at all) in accessing the relief materials sent to each village. Distributions of such materials have been temporarily stopped. It was decided that the distributions would be continued once the people moved to the temporary shelters, as only the most affected people (in most cases at least) would opt to move there, while those had some means of survival/ housing would continue to live in the villages.
• We have prepared a survey format to monitor the facilities and provisions for basic amenities and also to identify issues pertaining to health, education, migration, livelihood, gender, women and children in temporary shelters.
• It is planned that the above survey will be carried in all areas wherever we can reach out. The format will also be shared with other organisations and groups so that they can effectively monitor these aspects in their areas and also notify the authorities as and when issues arise. At a later stage, a joint meeting of all the organisations could be called to identify issues which need to be taken up for group advocacy.
• People have received compensation from Govt. through cheques for damaged houses - Rs.37,000 for severe damages and Rs.7,000 for other damages. There were lots of complaints regarding the assessment. We conducted a rapid survey in Manneri to determine cases where people did not receive adequate compensation. We found 7 cases which needed to be reviewed. One observation was that most households had severe losses as water had entered the houses (the floors were still damp and unsuitable for sleeping/ storing) and destroyed the floors, household items, food, equipments, etc. These were not taken into consideration while deciding on the compensation.
• We conducted preliminary meetings with youth in Manneri and Kyada to understand the sources of livelihoods and their plans for the future, as migration was seen as an inevitable part of their livelihood strategy. Youth from both areas responded by forming teams to explore possible vocations like cattle rearing, diary, poultry, setting up photo studio, etc. A longer term rehabilitation action is slowly emerging with these small actions.
• The people from Maneri are still hesitant to approach the government to express their grievances and concerns at their needs not being met. This requires effort to mobilize the people to fight for their rights. This also needs to come from within, than without. This needs a few meetings with the villages to motivate them, help them with strategies, and give them the physiological assurance to surpass the difficult days ahead.
Plenty to be Done
- I am co-ordinating with Swarna Bhat and Naveen from Head Streams to chalk out a concrete plan to see how the funds that have come until now can be utilized. The thought that one should hold a little while longer, and spend the money judiciously once the people of the villages in Badami occupy the makeshift camp is a common understanding. That would also mean that the relief supplies will dwindle for the people, and as the months pass, getting the essentials may become difficult.
- We as a “Unit” need to help communities generate their own idea of “alternative” employment, or alternative methods to sustain themselves – the money can come in handy here.
- Women’s health, education, and vocational training for the youth is a long term plan that needs to be rolled out in the months to come (some funds will be allocated for this).
- Financial help is also needed when the permanent land/shelter is allocated to the villagers.
- Provide help to the villagers to get land rights, residence proofs, and implementing government schemes.
If you want to join in the collective efforts to bring a smile on the faces of the flood victims, all you need to do is send me a note.
For a better, equal world...
~*~*~*~*